syllabus

2.3 PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY

Theory (75 hours)

1. Introduction to Pharmacology, scope of Pharmacology.

2. Routes of administration of drugs, their advantages and disadvantages.

3. Various processes of absorption of drugs and the factors affecting them, Metabolism, distribution and excretion of drugs.

4. General mechanism of drugs action and the factors which modify drug action.

5. Pharmacological classification of drugs. The discussion of drugs should  emphasise   the following  aspect:

(i)Drugs acting on the Central Nervous System:

(a) General anaesthetics, adjunction to anaesthesia, intravenuous anasesthetics.

(b) Analgesic antipyretics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Narcotic analgesics, Antirheumatic and antigout remedies, Sedatives and Hypnotics, Psychopharmacological agents, anti convulsants, analeptics.

(c) Centrally acting muscle relaxants and anti parkinsonism agents

(ii) Local anaesthetics.

(iii) Drug acting on autonomic nervous system.

(a) Cholinergic drug, Anticholinergic drugs, anti cholinesterase drugs.

(b) Adrenergic drugs and adrenergic recepter blockers.

(c) Neurones blockers and ganglion blockers.

(d) Neuromuscular blockers, drugs used in myasthenia gravis.

(iv) Drugs acting on eye, mydriatics, drugs used in glaucoma.

(v) Drugs acting on respiratory system-Respiratory stimulants, Bronchodilators, Nasal decongestants, Expectorants and Antitussive agents.

(vi)Antacids, Physiological role of histamine and serotonin, Histamine and Antihistamines, Prostaglandins.

(vii) Cardio Vascular drugs, Cardiotonics, Antiarrhythmic agents, Antianginal agents, Antihypertensive agents, Peripheral Vasodilators and drugs used in atherosclerosis.

(viii) Drugs acting on the blood and blood forming organs. Haematinics, Coagulants and anti Coagulants, Haemostatics, Blood substitutes and plasma expanders.

(ix) Drugs affecting renal function-Diuretics and antidiuretics.

(x) Hormones and hormone antagonists-hypoglycemic agents, Antithyroid drugs, sex hormones and oral contraceptives, corticosteroids.

(xi) Drugs acting on digestive system-Carminatives, digestants Bitters, Antacids and drugs used in Peptic ulcer, purgatives, and laxatives, Antidiarrhoeals, Emetics, Antiemetics, Anti-spasmodics.

Chemotherapy of microbial disease ;Urinary antiseptics, Sulphonamides, Penicillins, Streptomycin, Tetracylines and other antibiotics, Antitubercular agents, Antifungal agents, antiviral drugs, antileprotic drugs.

6. Chemotherapy of protozoal diseases Anthelmintic drugs.

7. Chemotherapy of cancer.

8. Disinfectants and antiseptics.

A detailed study of the action of drugs on each organ is not neces